This is because a recent update pushed out from Apple bumps iCloud for Windows up to version 7.8.1 and one of the main changes is that it addresses the incompatibility problem that some users were facing earlier. Apple hasn’t officially commented or confirmed the fix, but as AppleInsider notes, the support page has been updated to reflect the fix.
Previously the support page stated that iCloud for Windows would only work on Windows 7 devices up to Windows 10 April 2018, but that has changed and it now reads that it will support Windows 7 or later, which presumably should cover most, if not all, future Windows 10 updates, but we’ll have to wait and see.
The update is already live and you should be prompted by Apple to install the update. If you haven’t, you can try pulling it manually by launching the Apple Software Update app.