Essentially what you were downloading was a link, and unsurprisingly Microsoft wasn’t particularly amused by it. So much so that the Chrome installer app on the Windows Store has since been removed. In a statement provided to The Verge, a Microsoft spokesperson said, “We have removed the Google Chrome Installer App from Microsoft Store, as it violates our Microsoft Store policies.”
Microsoft also adds, “We welcome Google to build a Microsoft Store browser app compliant with our Microsoft Store policies.” However as The Verge points out, there are a couple of reasons why Google might not want to comply with those policies, namely Windows 10 S in which it requires apps that browse the web to use the HTML and JavaScript engines provided by Windows 10, whereas Google uses its own Blink rendering engine.
It is possible that Google could create a special version of Chrome just for those purposes, but it does seem like a lot of effort just for a single version of Windows.
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